Fentanyl - Frequently Asked Questions

Fentanyl is a synthetic opioid pain medication that is much stronger than other opioids like morphine and heroin. While it can be safely used in medical settings to manage severe pain, illicitly manufactured fentanyl has become widespread and is a major contributor to overdose deaths because it is often mixed into street drugs without a person’s knowledge.

Fentanyl’s strength makes it dangerous: very small amounts can depress breathing and cause fatal overdoses. Illicit fentanyl is frequently blended with other drugs, including heroin, cocaine, and counterfeit pills, meaning people may unintentionally take a dose that is far stronger than expected, greatly increasing the risk of overdose.

Fentanyl binds to opioid receptors in the brain and nervous system to reduce pain. However, at high doses it also suppresses the respiratory system, meaning breathing can slow or stop entirely. Repeated misuse changes the brain’s chemistry, leading to tolerance, dependence, and addiction.

Signs someone may be overdosing on fentanyl include:

• Very slow, shallow, or stopped breathing

• Unresponsiveness or inability to wake up

• Bluish lips or skin

• Pinpoint pupils

• Gurgling or snoring sounds

A suspected overdose is a medical emergency - call 911 immediately.

Yes. Naloxone can reverse the effects of a fentanyl overdose by temporarily blocking opioid receptors in the brain. Because fentanyl is so potent, more than one dose of naloxone may be needed, and emergency medical help should always be sought after its use.

No, touching fentanyl does not typically cause an overdose. Overdoses occur when fentanyl enters the body through ingestion, inhalation, or injection. The greatest danger comes from unlabeled contamination of other illicit drugs with fentanyl.

Yes. Fentanyl has a high risk of physical and psychological addiction, especially when misused outside of medical supervision. Chronic use alters brain chemistry, leading to dependence, cravings, and withdrawal symptoms that make quitting difficult without support.

Fentanyl withdrawal can be very uncomfortable and may begin within hours after the last use. Common symptoms include anxiety, sweating, nausea, muscle aches, insomnia, chills, diarrhea, and intense cravings. Because fentanyl is highly potent, withdrawal symptoms can feel especially severe, which is why medically supervised detox is often recommended.

Fentanyl can remain in the body for several days depending on how it was used, how frequently it was taken, and individual metabolism. While the drug’s strongest effects wear off within hours, traces may still be detectable in urine for up to several days. Continued use may extend this timeframe.

Fentanyl addiction can develop rapidly due to its potency. Even short-term misuse can lead to tolerance and dependence, meaning a person may need more of the drug to feel the same effects and may experience withdrawal symptoms when stopping.

Fentanyl overdose risk is higher because even a tiny amount can suppress breathing. Illicit fentanyl is often mixed into other substances without warning, making it difficult for individuals to know what they are taking or how strong it is.

Yes. Many counterfeit pills sold illegally may look like prescription medications but contain fentanyl. This has become one of the leading causes of accidental overdose, especially among people who may not realize they are taking an opioid.

Yes. Illicit fentanyl is commonly mixed with heroin, cocaine, methamphetamine, or pressed into fake pills. Mixing fentanyl with other substances increases overdose risk, particularly when combined with alcohol or sedatives.

Detox is often the first step in fentanyl recovery because withdrawal can be intense and cravings can be overwhelming. Medically supervised treatment provides clinical support, safety monitoring, and a more stable environment before entering residential or outpatient treatment.

Detox alone is usually not enough for long-term recovery. After detox, many individuals benefit from structured treatment such as residential care, therapy, relapse prevention planning, and outpatient support. Cornerstone helps clients transition into the appropriate next level of care.

Cornerstone of Southern California offers a comprehensive continuum of care for individuals struggling with fentanyl and other substance use disorders. Services include:

1. Medically Supervised Detoxification
A safe and supportive environment where withdrawal symptoms are managed under clinical supervision to reduce discomfort and medical risk.

2. Residential/Inpatient Treatment
Structured 24/7 care in a therapeutic setting, where clients receive individualized treatment plans, evidence-based therapies, and daily support to address both addiction and underlying issues.

3. Intensive Outpatient (IOP) & Outpatient Programs
Flexible treatment that combines therapy and support while allowing clients to live at home, ideal for continuing recovery after higher levels of care.

4. Dual Diagnosis Treatment
Integrated care for co-occurring mental health conditions and substance use disorders, ensuring both are treated concurrently.

5. Evidence-Based Therapies
Therapeutic approaches include Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), group therapy, family counseling, relapse prevention education, and other evidence-based modalities tailored to individual needs.

6. Aftercare, Alumni & Support Services
Long-term recovery support, including alumni programs and relapse prevention resources, to help maintain sobriety and reintegrate into daily life.

Cornerstone’s framework begins with a comprehensive assessment to understand each client’s history and needs. Throughout treatment, clients participate in clinical therapy, life-skills development, and individualized care plans. The goal is not just detox, but building coping skills, addressing mental health, and supporting long-term recovery through structured programs and community support.

Yes. Cornerstone’s programs include family education and support, designed to help loved ones understand addiction, strengthen family relationships, and participate in the healing process where appropriate. 

Yes. Many individuals struggling with fentanyl addiction also experience anxiety, depression, trauma, or other mental health challenges. Cornerstone offers dual diagnosis treatment to address both substance use and mental health needs together.

Treatment often includes evidence-based approaches such as Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), group counseling, family support, and relapse prevention education. These therapies help individuals understand addiction triggers, develop coping strategies, and build healthier patterns for recovery.

Relapse prevention helps individuals recognize triggers, manage cravings, and develop strategies to maintain sobriety after treatment. Because fentanyl is so potent and cravings can be strong, relapse prevention planning is a critical part of recovery.

Signs that professional help may be needed include increasing use, inability to stop, withdrawal symptoms, cravings, overdose incidents, or negative impacts on health, relationships, or daily responsibilities. Speaking with an admissions specialist can help determine the right level of care.

Yes. With the right treatment, support system, and continued care, long-term recovery is possible. Many individuals achieve lasting sobriety through structured programs, therapy, aftercare planning, and ongoing support.

Cornerstone works with many major private insurance plans and provides support to verify benefits. They also offer cash or private payment options to help individuals access care. Cornerstone does not currently accept Medi-Cal, but staff can help discuss options if needed.

If you or someone you care about is struggling with fentanyl addiction, Cornerstone of Southern California offers 24/7 support. Call (714) 547-5375 to speak with an admissions specialist who can answer questions, verify insurance, and guide you through the intake process.